複合(composition)或聚合(aggregation) ---
has-a
即以既有的classes合成新的class
將某個class物件置於另一個class內
新的classes可由任意數目 任意型別的他種物件組成
繼承
父類別 --- base class, super
class, parent class
子類別 --- derived class,
inherited class, sub class, child class
子類別完全覆寫父類別 is-a
子類別加入新介面元素 is-like-a
陣列宣告
1. Integer[] a = new
Integer[3];
2. Integer[] a = new
Integer[] {new Integer(1), new Integer(2), 3,};
3. Integer[] a = {new
Integer(1), new Integer(2), 3,};
//初值列最後的逗號可有可無
委任(delegation)
介於繼承與合成之間，將成員物件置於新建立的class中(類似合成)，但同時又將該成員的所有methods都放到新的class中，成為新的class介面的一部分(類似繼承)。
向上轉型(upcasting)
在derived
class中可以使用base class的所有函式，所以任何可發送給base class的訊息，也都可以發送給derived class
多型(Polymorphism)
介面與實作分離，
工廠模式
用已產生其他其他類別的類別
抽象類別(abstract class)
用來表示介面，沒有專屬的實作內容，含有0個或1個以上的abstract
method的類別稱為abstract class，且不可產生物件，繼承abstract class的derived class需要實作abstract method。
介面(interface)
可以內含資料成員，但這些資料成員都會自然成為static和final，介面只提供形式，不含實作內容，介面可允許設計出可向上轉型至多個基礎型別的class，以達到多重繼承的變形，且不可產生物件
Strategy設計模式
依據所傳入的引數物件不同，而有不同行為展現的method
Adapter
撰寫程式碼來接收既有的介面，並且產生你所需的介面
class Member{
private int mid;
private String name;
private Car car;
public Member(int mid, String name){
this.mid = mid;
this.name = name;
}
public String getMemberInfo() {
return "編號" + this.mid + ", 姓名" + this.name;
}
public void setCar(Car car){
this.car = car;
}
public Car getCar(){
return this.car;
}
}
class Car{
private Member member;
private String name;
public Car(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public String getCarInfo(){
return "車的名稱 " + this.name;
}
public void setMember(Member member){
this.member = member;
}
public Member getMember(){
return this.member;
}
}
public class Hello {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Member mem = new Member(1, "kent");
Car car = new Car("BMW");
mem.setCar(car);
car.setMember(mem);
System.out.println(mem.getMemberInfo());
System.out.println(mem.getCar().getCarInfo());
}
}
class Member{
private int mid;
private String name;
private Car car;
public Member(int mid, String name){
this.mid = mid;
this.name = name;
}
public String getMemberInfo() {
return "編號" + this.mid + ", 姓名" + this.name;
}
public void setCar(Car car){
this.car = car;
}
public Car getCar(){
return this.car;
}
}
class Car{
private Member member;
private String name;
public Car(String name){
this.name = name;
}
public String getCarInfo(){
return "車的名稱 " + this.name;
}
public void setMember(Member member){
this.member = member;
}
public Member getMember(){
return this.member;
}
}
public class Hello {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Member mem = new Member(1, "kent");
Car car = new Car("BMW");
mem.setCar(car);
car.setMember(mem);
System.out.println(mem.getMemberInfo());
System.out.println(mem.getCar().getCarInfo());
}
}
class Node{
private String data;
private Node next;
public Node(String data){
this.data = data;
}
public void setNext(Node next){
this.next = next;
}
public Node getNext(){
return this.next;
}
public String getData(){
return this.data;
}
public void addNode(Node newNode){
if(this.next == null){
this.next = newNode;
}else{
this.next.addNode(newNode);
}
}
public void printNode(){
System.out.println(this.data);
if(this.next != null){
this.next.printNode();
}
}
public boolean containsNode(String data){
if(this.data.equals(data)){
return true;
}else{
if(this.next != null){
return this.next.containsNode(data);
}else{
return false;
}
}
}
public void removeNode(Node previous, String data){
if(this.data.equals(data)){
previous.next = this.next;
}else{
this.next.removeNode(this, data);
}
}
}
class Link{
private Node root;
public void add(String data){
if(data == null){
return;
}
Node newNode = new Node(data);
if(this.root == null){
this.root = newNode;
}else{
this.root.addNode(newNode);
}
}
public void print(){
if(this.root != null){
this.root.printNode();
}
}
public boolean contains(String data){
if(data == null || this.root == null){
return false;
}
return this.root.containsNode(data);
}
public void remove(String data){
if(this.contains(data)){
if(this.root.getData().equals(data)){
this.root = this.root.getNext();
}else{
this.root.getNext().removeNode(this.root, data);
}
}
}
}
public class Hello{
public static void main(String args[]){
Link all = new Link();
all.add("A");
all.add("B");
all.add("C");
all.remove("B");
all.remove("A");
all.print();
System.out.println(all.contains("A"));
System.out.println(all.contains("X"));
}
}
